Korean Apartment Culture: Jeonse, Move-In Traditions, and Interior

Last updated: April 2026

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Quick Answer

Tenants in Jeonse apartments need landlord consent for major renovations like painting walls or changing flooring, as they are legally obligated to restore the property to its original condition.
Small decorations such as shelves, paintings, and new carpets do not require landlord approval.
Some Jeonse tenants invest significantly in interior design, with two households recently spending ₩15-20 million each on their apartments, even though they planned to leave the improvements behind (translated from Korean).
Maintaining the apartment's original condition is a tenant's legal obligation, excluding natural wear and tear like fading wallpaper or worn carpets over time.

Moving into a Jeonse apartment in Korea involves a unique set of cultural traditions and legal considerations, especially when it comes to interior design. Unlike typical rental agreements, Jeonse tenants pay a large, refundable lump-sum deposit instead of monthly rent, which often impacts their approach to home personalization. While tenants are eager to create their dream living space, they must navigate strict rules regarding renovations and the "original condition restoration" clause. This means major changes like painting walls or altering flooring require the landlord's written permission, while smaller decorative items such as shelves, art, and carpets can be freely added. Despite these limitations, many tenants invest considerable effort and money into their Jeonse interiors; for instance, Today's House (Ohou), a popular Korean home styling platform, shows 6,369 search results for "Jeonse interior" (translated from Korean), highlighting the strong desire among tenants to personalize their temporary homes [https://ohou.se/cards/feed?query=%EC%A0%84%EC%85%88%20%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4]. Understanding these traditions and regulations is crucial for anyone looking to make a Jeonse apartment feel like home.

What is Jeonse and How Does it Affect Interior Design Choices?

Jeonse is a distinctive housing system in Korea where a tenant provides a substantial, refundable lump-sum deposit to the landlord instead of paying monthly rent. This deposit is returned at the end of the lease term, which typically lasts two years. This system significantly influences interior design decisions because tenants are generally required to return the property to its "original condition" (\uc6d0\uc0c1 \ubcf5\uad6c) at the end of their lease. This clause means that any permanent alterations made to the apartment may need to be reversed at the tenant's expense, unless otherwise agreed upon with the landlord. This fundamental aspect of Jeonse rental agreements shapes how tenants approach renovations and personalization, encouraging temporary, reversible, or landlord-approved changes.

Understanding the "Original Condition Restoration" Clause

The core principle behind Jeonse interior design is the "original condition restoration" clause. This legal requirement dictates that when the lease ends, the tenant must restore the apartment to the state it was in when they first moved in. This applies to structural elements, fixtures, and finishes. For instance, if a tenant paints a wall a different color, they are expected to repaint it to its original color before moving out. This clause is a primary reason why major renovations are often discouraged or require explicit landlord consent. It places the burden of restoration costs on the tenant if the property is not returned in its initial state, excluding normal wear and tear.

The Impact on Tenant Renovation Rights

Under a Jeonse contract, the tenant's rights regarding renovations are limited. While they possess the right to live in and maintain the property, they do not have the right to make "major repairs" (\ub300\uc218\uc120) that alter the structure or fundamental elements of the home. This includes actions like demolishing partition walls, changing bathroom tiles, or installing new flooring that permanently alters the existing one. Even if a tenant wishes to improve the home's condition, such significant changes require the landlord's written consent. Without this consent, tenants risk losing part of their deposit to cover the costs of restoring the property. This constraint leads many tenants to opt for less invasive, temporary, or easily removable interior design solutions. According to Maison Korea on Jeonse interior guidelines, "If you are struggling to achieve your interior design dreams in a Jeonse home, consider furniture that is easy to assemble and disassemble, removable wallpaper, or flooring that can be easily installed over existing floors." This advice highlights the need for adaptability in Jeonse interiors.

Prioritizing Adaptable and Removable Designs

Given the restrictions, tenants in Jeonse apartments often prioritize interior design elements that are adaptable, easily removable, or do not require permanent installation. This includes furniture, appliances, and small decorative items. For example, instead of painting walls, tenants might use temporary wallpaper or large art pieces. Instead of replacing flooring, they might lay down new carpets or interlocking floor tiles that can be removed without damage. This approach allows tenants to personalize their living space and reflect their style without violating the terms of their lease or incurring significant restoration costs when they move out. The emphasis shifts from structural changes to decor, lighting, and smart home solutions that can be taken with them or easily uninstalled.

What Are the Rules for Renovating a Jeonse Apartment?

Renovating a Jeonse apartment in Korea comes with specific rules, primarily driven by the "original condition restoration" clause. Tenants must understand these boundaries to avoid potential disputes or deductions from their security deposit. Essentially, any change that is considered permanent or structural requires the landlord's explicit, written permission. Conversely, temporary or easily reversible alterations generally fall within the tenant's rights to decorate and personalize their living space. This distinction is critical for tenants planning any interior enhancements.

Major Renovations Require Landlord's Written Consent

Major renovations, such as painting walls a different color, replacing existing flooring (like hardwood or tiles), or making any structural changes to the apartment, strictly require written consent from the landlord. This is because these changes are considered permanent alterations to the property. Without the landlord's approval, the tenant is legally obligated to restore these elements to their original state at their own expense when the lease concludes. This can include repainting walls to the initial color, re-installing original flooring, or reversing any structural modifications. The landlord has the right to demand this restoration, and if the tenant fails to comply, the costs may be deducted from the Jeonse deposit. This rule serves to protect the landlord's property value and aesthetic preferences.

Limitations on Structural and Major Repairs

Tenants in Jeonse apartments do not have the right to undertake "major repairs" (\ub300\uc218\uc120). This category includes significant structural alterations like demolishing partition walls to expand a room, changing bathroom or kitchen tiles, or fundamentally altering the layout of the apartment. Even if a tenant believes these changes would improve the home's condition or functionality, they lack the legal authority to implement them without the landlord's express agreement. These types of repairs are typically the responsibility of the landlord or require their direct involvement and approval, as they affect the core integrity and value of the property. The tenant's role is primarily to maintain the existing condition, not to fundamentally redesign the space.

Permissible Interior Changes Without Approval

While major changes are restricted, tenants have considerable freedom with items that are easily assembled, disassembled, removed, or simply added without causing permanent damage. This includes a wide array of decorative and functional elements. For instance, tenants can freely install shelves by drilling small holes in walls, hang paintings, or lay down new carpets. These types of "decorations" (\ub370\ucF54) do not require the landlord's approval because they do not fundamentally alter the building or its facilities.

Other examples of permissible changes include:

Furniture: All types of movable furniture, from sofas and beds to dining tables and storage units.
Appliances: Smart home appliances, televisions, refrigerators, and other electronic devices.
Lighting: Portable lamps, pendant lights that replace existing fixtures (provided the original can be reinstalled), mood lights, and wall-mounted lights that don't require significant electrical work.
Temporary Wall Coverings: Removable wallpaper, wall decals, or large tapestries that can be taken down without damaging the underlying surface.
Window Treatments: Curtains, blinds, and shades.
Floor Coverings: Area rugs, carpets, or interlocking floor tiles that can be easily removed.

These options allow tenants to personalize their living space, enhance functionality, and introduce their aesthetic preferences without infringing on the landlord's rights or the "original condition restoration" clause. The key is to ensure that any modification can be reversed without leaving lasting marks or damage.

How Can Tenants Personalize a Jeonse Apartment Without Major Changes?

Personalizing a Jeonse apartment without undertaking major renovations is entirely possible and a common practice among Korean tenants. The focus shifts from structural alterations to creative decor, lighting, and functional upgrades that are either temporary or easily reversible. This approach allows tenants to infuse their personal style and enhance their living experience while respecting the terms of their lease agreement. By strategically choosing elements that can be installed without permanent changes, tenants can significantly transform their space.

The Power of Small Decorations

Small decorations are highly effective for personalizing a Jeonse apartment, as they do not require landlord approval. These items can dramatically alter the atmosphere and aesthetics of a room without causing any permanent changes to the property. Tenants can freely hang shelves and paintings by drilling small holes in the walls, which are typically considered normal wear and tear if properly filled upon moving out. Similarly, introducing new carpets or rugs can instantly change the feel and color scheme of a room, adding warmth and defining different zones within an open space. These simple additions allow tenants to express their style, add functionality, and create a more inviting environment.

Elevating Spaces with Lighting

Lighting plays a crucial role in shaping the mood and design of a room, and it offers significant opportunities for personalization in Jeonse apartments. Tenants can use various lighting fixtures that do not require complex electrical wiring or permanent installation. For instance, in bedrooms, long pendant lights, mood lights, or wall-mounted lights can create a cozy and warm atmosphere. These can often be installed by replacing existing fixtures, provided the original can be easily reinstalled upon departure, or by using plug-in options.

Modern options include:

Recessed lighting: For a contemporary look, wireless recessed lights can be considered.
Spotlights: These can highlight specific areas or artworks, adding an artistic touch.
Indirect lighting: Used in areas like dressers, shelves, shoe cabinets, or bathrooms, indirect lighting can enhance the mood and illuminate corners of the home. Portable lamps, such as Bocci's portable lamp, also offer flexible and stylish lighting solutions that can be moved and rearranged as needed.

These lighting choices allow tenants to create different ambiances and highlight architectural features or decor without making permanent electrical alterations.

Smart Home Appliances and Systems

The integration of smart home technology offers another powerful avenue for personalization without permanent modification. Modern smart appliances go beyond basic functionality, featuring advanced hardware and sleek designs. Tenants can freely choose and install these systems, which can include remote control for temperature, lighting, security, and entertainment. A smart home system allows for one-touch control over various functions, bringing convenience and a contemporary feel to daily life. Since these devices are typically standalone or plug-and-play, they can be easily removed and taken to the next home, making them ideal for Jeonse living. This allows tenants to enjoy cutting-edge technology and enhanced comfort without violating lease terms.

Transforming the Kitchen with Minimal Intervention

In many compact city apartments, the kitchen often serves as the central hub of the home. This makes it a high-impact area for adding "new life" through targeted improvements that do not require landlord approval. Since structural changes like replacing built-in cabinetry or tiles are often restricted, tenants can focus on elements like:

Freestanding Kitchen Islands: As seen in examples from Today's House, tenants often purchase ready-made kitchen islands to add counter space and storage, especially in homes with linear kitchens lacking sufficient prep areas. These islands can be arranged in a straight line or an L-shape to suit the space.
Stylish Finishes and Minimalist Design: Choosing contemporary, minimalist kitchenware, small appliances, and decor can update the look of the kitchen.
Tile Sheets and Vintage Curtains: One example from Today's House showcased a tenant transforming a dark, separated kitchen by using warm-toned rugs, vintage check curtains, and beige tile sheets to create a cozy, rustic atmosphere. They also used oak-toned wood furniture to complement existing cherry molding.
Lighting: Adding new pendant lights or under-cabinet lighting can brighten the space and enhance its aesthetic appeal.

These non-permanent solutions allow tenants to significantly upgrade their kitchen's functionality and style, making it a more enjoyable and efficient space without violating the "original condition restoration" clause.

Is it Common for Jeonse Tenants to Invest Heavily in Interiors?

While Jeonse contracts typically require tenants to return the apartment to its original condition, it is surprisingly common for some tenants to invest significant amounts of their own money into interior design. This phenomenon reflects a strong desire for personal comfort and aesthetic satisfaction, even in a temporary living space. The motivations behind such investments vary, but they often prioritize living in a beautiful and functional home over the long-term financial return on their renovations. For more details, see Blind forum discussion on Jeonse interior costs.

Significant Investments by Jeonse Tenants

A discussion on the Teamblind forum, a popular platform for Korean office workers, shed light on this trend. A post from March 6, 2022, with 1,081 views and 17 comments, reported that a friend owned an old four-story villa building near Seoul's Line 2, with each unit being about 10 pyeong (approximately 33 square meters). The friend noted that two recent Jeonse tenants had each spent between ₩15-20 million (approximately $11,000-$15,000 USD) of their own money on interior design. The original poster expressed surprise, stating, "I find it a huge waste of money and don't quite understand it" (translated from Korean) [https://www.teamblind.com/kr/post/%EC%A0%84%EC%85%88%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%B0-%EC%82%AC%EB%B9%84%EB%A1%9C-%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4-%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C%EB%93%A4-w20FcmvW]. These tenants reportedly did not ask the landlord for reimbursement and intended to leave the improvements behind. This demonstrates a willingness among some to prioritize immediate living quality over the financial implications of non-recoverable investments.

The "Self-Satisfaction" Factor

Responses to the Teamblind post provided insight into the motivations behind such expenditures. One user, identified as an employee of a Korean Middle Power Plant, commented, "It's not about showing off, but rather about people who can't stand their living space if it doesn't suit their taste, as it's where they spend most of their time" (translated from Korean) [https://www.teamblind.com/kr/post/%EC%A0%84%EC%85%88%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%B0-%EC%82%AC%EB%B9%84%EB%A1%9C-%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4-%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C%EB%93%A4-w20FcmvW]. Another user equated it to buying stocks or coins, knowing they might fall in value, suggesting it's about personal satisfaction. This sentiment highlights a shift in values where the quality of one's immediate living environment is highly prioritized, even if it means foregoing traditional financial returns on home improvements. For these individuals, the emotional and psychological benefits of living in a beautifully designed space outweigh the monetary cost.

Overcoming Jeonse Limitations with Creative Solutions

The popularity of "Jeonse interior" content on platforms like Today's House (Ohou) further illustrates the widespread interest in personalizing rental homes. With 6,369 search results for "Jeonse interior" (translated from Korean), the platform showcases numerous examples of tenants using creative, reversible solutions. Users frequently share ideas for "restorable interiors" (\ubcf5\uad6c\uac00\ub2A5\uc778\ud14C\ub9AC\uc5B4) in Jeonse or monthly rental homes. One user on Today's House noted that "Jeonse homes often lead to more \uace0\ubbfc (concerns) because structural changes are difficult," which pushes tenants to focus on non-construction solutions. These include easily changeable elements like wall switches, door handles, or using tile sheets to update surfaces. Examples include installing a self-made partition door using a non-drilling partition and curtains to solve privacy and dust issues in a rental home without a middle door. Another example involves using a freestanding kitchen island to add cooking space and storage. These creative approaches allow tenants to significantly upgrade their living conditions despite the restrictions, demonstrating that a beautiful home is achievable even within the constraints of a Jeonse contract.

What are the Tenant's Responsibilities and Rights Regarding Maintenance?

Living in a Jeonse apartment comes with specific legal responsibilities and rights for the tenant concerning property maintenance. While landlords are generally responsible for major structural repairs, tenants have a clear obligation to keep the home in good condition during their tenancy. Understanding these duties is crucial to ensure a smooth move-out process and the full return of the Jeonse deposit. The primary principle is to maintain the property, distinguishing between natural wear and tear and damage caused by the tenant.

Legal Obligation for Property Maintenance

During the lease period, the tenant has a legal obligation to maintain and manage the home properly. This means taking reasonable care of the property and ensuring it remains in good condition. This responsibility covers general upkeep and preventing unnecessary damage. If issues arise due to tenant negligence or misuse, the tenant is typically responsible for addressing them. This legal duty ensures that the property does not deteriorate beyond normal use during the tenancy, protecting the landlord's asset.

Responsibility for Consumables and Accidental Damage

Tenants are specifically responsible for replacing consumables within the apartment. This includes items that naturally wear out or are used up during daily living, such as light bulbs, filters, or specific parts of appliances that require regular replacement. Beyond consumables, tenants are also held accountable for any damage caused by their own mistakes or negligence. Examples include holes drilled into walls for shelves (beyond what's considered normal for hanging small items), tape residue left on surfaces, or scratches on furniture that were not present at the time of move-in. According to the "original condition restoration" principle, these types of damages must be repaired or addressed by the tenant before moving out to avoid deductions from the security deposit. This often involves filling holes, removing tape marks, or repairing surface scratches.

Natural Wear and Tear vs. Tenant Responsibility

It's important to distinguish between damage caused by the tenant and natural wear and tear that occurs over time. The tenant is not held responsible for the latter. Natural wear and tear includes:

Gradual discoloration of wallpaper or paint: Over time, exposure to light and general aging can cause wallpaper or paint to fade or change color. This is considered normal and not the tenant's liability.
Marks from installed frames: If frames or light fixtures were installed on walls at the beginning of the tenancy, the marks left behind upon removal are typically considered normal.
Wear on carpets over years: Carpets naturally show signs of wear and tear, such as flattening or slight fraying, after several years of use.

Conversely, damage clearly caused by the tenant, such as cigarette smoke stains on walls or holes in carpets (not due to natural wear), is the tenant's full responsibility. The lease agreement often specifies these distinctions, and mutual respect between landlord and tenant is expected regarding these matters.

Deposit Deductions for Non-Compliance

At the end of the contract, if the tenant fails to fulfill their obligations regarding property maintenance and restoration, the landlord has the right to deduct repair costs from the Jeonse deposit. For example, if a tenant painted a wall red or replaced a room's carpet without permission, they are responsible for the restoration work, such as repainting the wall to its original color, reapplying silicone, or filling holes in the wall. Tenants are advised to thoroughly inspect the property before moving out and perform any possible restoration work themselves to prevent deductions from their deposit. This reinforces the importance of understanding and adhering to the "original condition restoration" clause throughout the tenancy.

How Do 2026 Interior Trends Align with Jeonse Living?

The interior design trends projected for 2026, particularly "Fundamentalism" (\uadfc\ubcf8\uc774\uc998) and minimalism, align remarkably well with the practical realities and restrictions of Jeonse living in Korea. These trends emphasize timelessness, functionality, and adaptable elements, making them ideal for tenants who cannot make permanent structural changes but still desire a stylish and comfortable home. The focus on core values and sustainable choices directly supports the Jeonse requirement for reversible or non-permanent interior solutions.

"Fundamentalism" and Timeless Design

The "Fundamentalism" trend, highlighted in 'Trend Korea 2026' by Seoul National University Professor Kim Nan-do's research team, emphasizes a return to unchanging values amidst rapid change [https://www.lxzin.com/styling/style-trend/detail/8180]. This approach prioritizes forms and functions that are timeless and enduring, rather than chasing fleeting trends. For Jeonse tenants, this trend is particularly advantageous. Since permanent renovations are restricted, investing in classic, high-quality furniture and decor that transcends temporary fads makes practical sense. These pieces can be easily moved to a new home, offering longevity and consistent aesthetic appeal. The focus on stability, authenticity, and essential beauty encourages choices that are both personally satisfying and compatible with the "original condition restoration" clause. This trend also taps into "Anemoia," a nostalgia for eras one has not lived through, fostering an appreciation for classic and traditional crafts.

Minimalism and Adaptable Spaces

Minimalist interior design is another key trend for 2026 that naturally suits Jeonse apartments. Minimalism advocates for clean lines, uncluttered spaces, and focusing on essential items that serve both function and aesthetic purpose. This philosophy is highly compatible with the limitations of Jeonse living, where tenants often need to maximize space and avoid excessive permanent installations. By embracing minimalism, tenants can create serene, organized, and elegant homes using movable furniture, carefully chosen decor, and smart storage solutions that can be easily rearranged or taken when moving. This approach not only makes the space feel larger and more open but also simplifies the move-out process, as there are fewer items to remove or restore. The '2026 Interior Trends' report from ajd.co.kr also points to minimalist interior construction guides as a way to achieve a timeless design [https://www.ajd.co.kr/contents/basic-tip/detail/%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%88_%EC%95%88%ED%83%80%EB%8A%94_2026_%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%8C%EB%93%9C_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%9C_:%EB%AF%B8%EB%8B%88%EB%A9%8C%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%B5_%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C-85039].

Functionality, Smart Technology, and Comfort

The broader 2026 interior design trends reflect homeowners' changing preferences towards integrated environments that prioritize functionality, smart technology, sustainability, and comfort [https://www.oppoliahome.com/ko/2026%EB%85%84-%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4-%EB%94%94%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B8-%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%8C%EB%93%9C/]. These elements are perfectly suited for Jeonse living because they can be incorporated without permanent structural changes.

Functionality: Emphasizing multi-purpose furniture and efficient layouts. For example, a modular sofa that can be reconfigured or a dining table that doubles as a workspace.
Smart Technology: As previously discussed, smart home appliances and systems can be freely chosen and installed by tenants, enhancing convenience, security, and entertainment without altering the property.
Sustainability: Choosing durable, eco-friendly materials for decor, textiles, and furniture supports sustainable living without requiring permanent fixtures. This also aligns with the "Fundamentalism" trend's focus on lasting value.
Comfort: Prioritizing soft furnishings, warm lighting, and ergonomic designs creates a comfortable and inviting atmosphere. These elements are almost always temporary and can be easily removed.

By embracing these trends, Jeonse tenants can create modern, comfortable, and personalized homes that meet their lifestyle needs while adhering to the specific requirements of their rental agreements. The synergy between future interior trends and Jeonse living allows for sophisticated and practical design solutions.

What are the Key Steps for Moving into a New Apartment in Korea?

Moving into a new apartment in Korea, especially a newly constructed one, involves several critical steps beyond simply packing and unpacking. These steps ensure the apartment is ready for occupancy, any existing issues are addressed, and essential utilities and smart home systems are properly set up. Following a structured approach can help tenants smoothly transition into their new home and avoid potential problems.

Pre-Move-In Preparations and Inspections

Before the official move-in day, several preparations are essential. The first crucial step is receiving and thoroughly verifying the apartment key along with all accompanying user manuals for appliances and fixtures. This ensures that the tenant has all necessary information and access. A critical part of this stage is to re-inspect the apartment to confirm that all defects reported during the initial pre-inspection (often done weeks or months before move-in) have been adequately addressed by the construction company or landlord. If any issues remain unresolved, they should be immediately re-reported. Installing smart home IoT applications on a smartphone and testing them remotely is also recommended to ensure full control over various apartment functions from outside the home. This includes checking the ability to control lighting, gas, heating, cooling, standby power, and ventilation through the apartment's wall pad.

Scheduling Installations and Treatments

For new apartments, tenants often plan various installations and treatments to enhance their living space. These typically include:

Lighting Installation: This might involve adding indirect lighting in areas like art walls (3 spots), sofa walls (3 spots), ceiling coves (\uc6B0\ubb3C\ucc9C\uc7A5), and dining table lights.
Grout and Elastic Coating: Scheduling professional grout work for tiles and elastic coating for balconies or utility rooms.
Built-in Wardrobes: Arranging for the installation of built-in wardrobes in the master bedroom and smaller rooms.

It is crucial to coordinate the dates for these different services to prevent scheduling conflicts, as many of these tasks happen in sequence or require specific conditions (e.g., grout work before cleaning). Selecting contractors that offer good after-sales service (A/S) is also advised, especially for installations like built-in wardrobes, to ensure long-term satisfaction and support.

Utility Setup and Pre-Move-In Cleaning

Before moving into a new apartment, particularly for the 'bake out' process, applying for city gas is a necessary prerequisite. This ensures that the heating system can be operated. Once any pre-move-in treatments like bake out are completed, professional move-in cleaning should be scheduled. Even after professional cleaners finish, it is common practice for tenants to perform a second, self-cleaning session to ensure every corner meets their standards. This dual approach guarantees the apartment is spotless and ready for immediate occupancy. For more details, see Today's House Jeonse interior ideas.

Move-In Day Tasks

On the actual move-in day, after the moving company has completed transporting and placing belongings, a few essential tasks need to be completed:

Furniture Rearrangement: A quick rearrangement and organization of furniture to establish the initial layout.
Internet Connection: Ensuring that internet services are connected and functional.
Smart Home System Verification: Reconfirming that all smart home devices can be controlled via smartphone apps and the wall pad. This includes checking lighting, gas, heating, cooling, standby power, and ventilation systems.

These steps ensure that the apartment is not only physically ready but also fully functional and connected, allowing the new residents to settle in comfortably. The thoroughness of these preparations contributes significantly to a smooth and enjoyable transition into the new home.

What is 'Bake Out' and Why is it Important for New Apartments?

'Bake out' is a critical process for new apartments in Korea, designed to remove harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reduce the effects of 'sick house syndrome.' New construction materials, paints, and furnishings can emit these substances, which can cause respiratory issues, allergies, and general discomfort. Performing a bake out before moving in is a proactive measure to improve indoor air quality and create a healthier living environment.

The Purpose of Bake Out

The primary purpose of bake out is to accelerate the emission of harmful substances from new building materials and furnishings. These substances, such as formaldehyde and other VOCs, are released into the air over time, a process known as off-gassing. By intentionally raising the internal temperature of the apartment, the bake out process speeds up this off-gassing, allowing these chemicals to be vented out before residents move in. This significantly reduces the concentration of indoor air pollutants, mitigating the health risks associated with 'sick house syndrome,' which can manifest as headaches, dizziness, nausea, and respiratory problems.

How to Perform a Bake Out

The bake out process involves a specific sequence of heating and ventilation. First, city gas must be applied for and active to operate the heating system. The process typically requires the following steps:

Preparation: Close all windows and doors tightly to create a sealed environment.
Heating: Use the apartment's heating system to raise the internal temperature to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher. Maintain this high temperature for approximately 8 hours. Smart home IoT systems can be used to set and monitor the temperature remotely.
Ventilation: After the 8-hour heating period, turn off the heating system. Open all windows and doors wide for at least 3 hours to thoroughly ventilate the apartment, expelling the now-released harmful substances.

This cycle of heating and ventilation should be performed 2 to 3 times before moving into the apartment. Each cycle helps to draw out and remove more of the chemical emissions, progressively improving the air quality. It is recommended to schedule the bake out days before the official move-in, allowing sufficient time for multiple cycles and subsequent professional cleaning.

Importance of Continued Ventilation

While bake out is an effective initial step, it is not a one-time solution. Continued ventilation is extremely important for 2 to 3 years after moving into a new apartment. Even after multiple bake out cycles, harmful substances can continue to off-gas at lower levels for an extended period. Regular daily ventilation, such as opening windows for a few minutes each day, helps to maintain good indoor air quality. This ongoing practice is crucial for the long-term health and comfort of the residents, ensuring that any remaining or newly released pollutants are regularly flushed out of the living space.

Bake Out and Post-Cleaning Sequence

The timing of bake out in relation to cleaning is also important. It is recommended to perform the bake out process before the final move-in cleaning. This is because the bake out will cause dust and chemical residues to settle, making it necessary to clean the apartment afterward. After the bake out cycles are complete, professional move-in cleaning should be scheduled. Even after the professional cleaning, many residents opt for a final self-cleaning to ensure the apartment is perfectly clean and ready for their belongings. This sequence ensures that the apartment is both free of harmful chemicals and impeccably clean for occupancy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the 'original condition restoration' clause in a Jeonse contract?

The 'original condition restoration' clause is a legal requirement in Jeonse contracts that obligates the tenant to return the apartment to its initial state at the end of the lease. This means any permanent changes made by the tenant, such as painting walls or changing flooring, must be reversed at their expense. This clause ensures the landlord's property value and aesthetic preferences are protected, though normal wear and tear over time is generally excluded from this responsibility.

Can I paint the walls of my Jeonse apartment?

Painting the walls of your Jeonse apartment requires written consent from the landlord. Without this explicit permission, you will be responsible for repainting the walls to their original color before moving out, as part of the 'original condition restoration' clause. Small, easily removable wall decorations like temporary wallpaper or art, however, generally do not require approval.

What types of decor are allowed in a Jeonse apartment without landlord permission?

Tenants can freely add small decorations that do not permanently alter the property. This includes hanging shelves and paintings (by drilling small holes, which are typically considered normal wear if properly filled), laying down new carpets or rugs, and using portable lighting fixtures like mood lights or pendant lamps that replace existing ones (if the original can be reinstalled). Smart home appliances and systems are also permissible as they are not permanent fixtures.

Do I need to clean the apartment before moving out of a Jeonse contract?

Yes, tenants have a legal obligation to maintain the home and return it in good condition. This includes cleaning the apartment. While natural wear and tear (like fading wallpaper) is not your responsibility, any damage caused by negligence (like tape residue, holes, or deep scratches) must be repaired. If the apartment is not returned in an acceptable condition, the landlord may deduct repair and cleaning costs from your Jeonse deposit.

How much do Koreans typically spend on interior design for Jeonse apartments?

While there is no typical amount, some Jeonse tenants invest significantly in interior design for personal satisfaction. A discussion on Teamblind revealed two Jeonse households in Seoul spent ₩15-20 million each (approximately $11,000-$15,000 USD) on renovating their 10-pyeong villas, even though they planned to leave the improvements behind. This highlights a strong desire among some to live in a personalized and aesthetically pleasing environment, despite the temporary nature of Jeonse living.